Dengue fever usually strikes people who are immune decline. Actually, when we are exposed to dengue infection, the body will produce immunity against dengue virus type, the immunity will last a lifetime. Unfortunately, dengue fever is caused by many strains or types of viruses, so even though we are immune to one type but we can still suffer from dengue fever from other types of viruses.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue hemorrhagic fever is a fever with a more severe degree. The main difference is on dengue fever is not found in patients with bleeding manifestations. In the skin of patients with dengue fever are only visible reddish rash while on dengue hemorrhagic fever patients will look spot bleeding spots. In addition to bleeding in the skin, patients with dengue fever may also experience bleeding from gums, nose, gut, and others. If not treated immediately, dengue fever can cause death.
Which area vulnerable dengue fever?
Many contracted dengue fever in the tropics and subtropics. Asia ranks first in the number of patients with dengue fever each year. This may be caused by the rainfall in Asia is very high, especially in east Asia and south combined with environmental sanitation is not good.
WHO estimates more than 500,000 of 50 million cases of dengue fever requiring hospitalization. More than 40% of world population living in endemic areas of dengue fever.
How does transmission of dengue fever?
Dengue virus is transmitted through the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito that previously has bitten an infected person dengue. This mosquito population will increase rapidly during the rainy season but the mosquito Aedes aegypti can live and breed in the basin water reservoirs throughout the year. One bite of an infected mosquito is able to cause dengue disease in healthy people.
Transmission of dengue fever can not be directly from human to human but must go through an intermediary mosquito so that we do not have to worry about direct contact with sufferers of dengue fever.
What are the symptoms and signs of dengue fever?
After being bitten mosquitoes carrying the virus, the incubation period will last between 3 to 15 days until the symptoms of dengue fever appear. Symptoms of dengue fever will be preceded by a feeling of chills, headache, pain when moving the eyeball and back pain. Pain in the limbs and joints will occur several hours after the symptoms of dengue fever began to be felt. Body temperature will increase rapidly to reach 40 degrees Celsius with a normal pulse and blood pressure tends to fall. Eyeball will appear reddish. Redness also appeared on the face that will quickly disappear. Glands in the neck and throat sometimes go bigger.
Fever and other symptoms of dengue fever will last for 2 days followed by a rapid drop in temperature accompanied by an increased sweat production. This temperature decrease period usually lasts a day, then body temperature will rise more rapidly. Currently, all except the patient's body will be redness on the face.
How is the handling of patients of dengue fever?
Because dengue fever is caused by a virus, there is no specific treatment for this disease including the use of antibiotics. Generally, treatment of dengue fever is only intended to overcome the symptoms that occurred (symptomatic). Rest and adequate fluid intake are two things that are very important in patients with dengue fever. Use of aspirin and NSAIDs should be avoided. Use of paracetamol, particularly to overcome the symptoms of fever and headaches that occur.
How is the continuation of dengue patients?
Dengue fever not fatal. Past experience, deaths from dengue fever less than 1% of all cases occur. Improvement of the patient's condition will last several weeks.
What about dengue haemorrhagic fever?
Dengue hemorrhagic fever or DHF usually occurs in children under 10 years. Symptoms include abdominal pain, bleeding, and shock. In case of dengue shock then called Dengue Shock Syndrome often or DSS. Patients with DSS are usually rather difficult to regenerate.
DHF starts with high fever and severe headache. There are symptoms of respiratory and digestive tract in the form of painful swallowing, cough, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Shock can occur after 2 to 6 days since the symptoms of dengue fever occur. Symptoms of shock began with the sudden decrease in body temperature, akral cold, weak pulse, and bluish on the lips.
In DHF, there is bleeding in soft tissues, bleeding spots on the skin, vomiting blood, blood in the stool, bleeding gums and nosebleeds. In some cases it can happen pneumonia and inflammation of the heart muscle or myocarditis.
Patients with dengue fever should be monitored closely, especially on the fourth day of onset of symptoms. If there is bluish or cyanotic, the patient should be given oxygen and if there is vascular failure, the patient should be infused. Required blood transfusions to control bleeding.
The death rate very high DBD patients between 3 to 30%. Most deaths occur in young children.
How to prevent dengue fever?
Transmission of the virus through mosquito must be stopped to prevent dengue fever. To do this, the dengue fever patient should be surrounded by mosquito netting / bed nets until the fever subsided.
Prevention of dengue fever requires control or eradication of mosquitoes carrying the virus. Do 3 M (drain, Close and Hoarding) where the preferred place for mosquitoes to breed. The role of government is needed as a motivator as well as the role of the public as executor.
Until now there is no suitable vaccine for dengue fever, so that only terpadulah prevention can be done.
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